SUPPLEMENTATION & RECTIFICATION ON CHRONOLOGY OF 77 LONG YEARS KUKILAND DEMAND FOR KUKI-ZO PEOPLE
Dr. TS Haokip,
President, WKZIC-GHQ
Date: 24 June 2024
Ref. No.: 127/04//WKZIC/(PR)/23-24
This supplementation and clarification statement is issued in response to The Indian Express issue of 16 May 2023, and its subsequent update on 27 August 2023, under the caption: "Demand for a Kuki Homeland: Its History and Rationale" by Esha Roy, which incorrectly situates the Kuki Homeland movement as beginning in the 1980s (with some social media sources citing the 1960s). The historical record is hereby clarified and rectified as follows:
The chronology of the 77-year-long struggle for a Kukiland State under Article 3 of the Constitution of India for the Kuki-Zo people is summarized in seven stages:
* Stage 1: 1947–1987 | Legitimate Constitutional Demand
26 October 1946: Kuki National Assembly (KNA) founded under S.M. Javum, representing Kuki Hills (1852–1949).
1947–1967: Memoranda submitted to Prime Ministers (Nehru → Indira Gandhi → Rajiv Gandhi → Chandra Shekhar) demanding a separate Kukiland State.
Key Organizations: KNA, Kuki Inpi Manipur (KIM), Kuki State Demand Committee (KSDC).
* Stage 2: 1965–1987 | Kuki-Mizo State & Mizoram Movement
15–18 January 1965:
Thirteen Kuki-Zo organizations signed an agreement at Kawnpui, Songpi-Lamka to fight for a Mizoram State including Lushai Hills UT and all Kuki areas of Outer Manipur.
20 February 1987: Mizoram granted statehood; Kuki areas of Outer Manipur were left out.
* Stage 3: 1988–2008 | Resurgence of Kukiland Demand
Organizations: Kuki National Front (KNF) and Kuki National Army (KNA), under umbrella of Kuki National Organisation (KNO) and United People's Front (UPF).
2005–2008: "Suspension of Operations" (SoO) signed with Indian Army, followed by negotiations with the Government of India in 2008.
* Stage 4: 2010–2024 | KSDC & NFNS Formation
2 November 2010: Kuki State Demand Committee (KSDC) formed; founding Chairman Shri Lalthalien Hmar, succeeded by Shri Hejang Haokip and Shri Khaikhohauh Gangte.
15 September 2015: KSDC becomes constituent member of National Federation of New States (NFNS), initiated by Shri P.A. Sangma, Prof. M. Kodandaram (TJAC), and Smt Maitreyi Pushpa, with Shri Raja Bundela as President.
NFNS Advocated States/UTs:
Kukiland
Vidarbha
Gorkhaland
Bundelkhand
Bodoland
Dimaragi
Karbi State
Twipraland
* Stage 5: 2008–2023 | Continuous Dialogue
Negotiations continued with Kuki militant SoO groups for 15 years.
31 August – 2 September 2023: Agreement reached for a Union Territory with legislature on Puducherry pattern.
* Stage 6: 2023–2024 | Kuki-Meitei Conflict
3 May 2023: Manipur State-sponsored violence by radical groups ARAMBAI TENGOL and MEITEI LEEPUN targeting Kuki-Zo communities.
Mass protests, sit-ins, and mobilization organized by CSOs, NGOs, village volunteers, Kuki Inpi, Zomi Council, Hmar Inpui, ITLF, WKZIC, COTU, ITAC, ZU.
Demand focused on Separate Administration (SA) under Article 394A of the Constitution.
* Stage 7: 2024 – Mass Movement
24 June 2024: Mass rallies across Songpi-Lamka (Ccpur), Kanggui (Kangpokpi), Pherzawl, Chandel, Tengnoupal.
Jointly organized by ITLF, COTU, ITAC, and Kuki Inpi.
Objective: State or Union Territory with legislature under Articles 3 or 295A of the Constitution.
Visual Timeline Summary
Key Events & Organizations
Stage > Period > Milestones
1. 1947–1987 > KNA founded; memoranda to PMs > Memoranda,
2. 1965–1987 > Kawnpui Agreement; Mizoram > Statehood Agreement,
3. 1988–2008 > KNF & KNA under KNO & UPF; SoO signed > Armed struggle & negotiations
4. 2010–2024 > KSDC & NFNS formed > Multi-state federation
5. 2008–2023 > Negotiations with GoI > Legislative UT agreed
6. 2023–2024 > Kuki-Meitei Conflict; protests > Ethnic conflict & SA demand
7. 2024 > Mass Movement > Public rallies & mobilization
Issued by:
World Kuki-Zo Intellectual Council (WKZIC-GHQ)
Songpi-Lamka, Kuki Hills, India
Dr. TS Haokip,
President, WKZIC-GHQ
Date: 24 June 2024
Ref. No.: 127/04//WKZIC/(PR)/23-24
This supplementation and clarification statement is issued in response to The Indian Express issue of 16 May 2023, and its subsequent update on 27 August 2023, under the caption: "Demand for a Kuki Homeland: Its History and Rationale" by Esha Roy, which incorrectly situates the Kuki Homeland movement as beginning in the 1980s (with some social media sources citing the 1960s). The historical record is hereby clarified and rectified as follows:
The chronology of the 77-year-long struggle for a Kukiland State under Article 3 of the Constitution of India for the Kuki-Zo people is summarized in seven stages:
* Stage 1: 1947–1987 | Legitimate Constitutional Demand
26 October 1946: Kuki National Assembly (KNA) founded under S.M. Javum, representing Kuki Hills (1852–1949).
1947–1967: Memoranda submitted to Prime Ministers (Nehru → Indira Gandhi → Rajiv Gandhi → Chandra Shekhar) demanding a separate Kukiland State.
Key Organizations: KNA, Kuki Inpi Manipur (KIM), Kuki State Demand Committee (KSDC).
* Stage 2: 1965–1987 | Kuki-Mizo State & Mizoram Movement
15–18 January 1965:
Thirteen Kuki-Zo organizations signed an agreement at Kawnpui, Songpi-Lamka to fight for a Mizoram State including Lushai Hills UT and all Kuki areas of Outer Manipur.
20 February 1987: Mizoram granted statehood; Kuki areas of Outer Manipur were left out.
* Stage 3: 1988–2008 | Resurgence of Kukiland Demand
Organizations: Kuki National Front (KNF) and Kuki National Army (KNA), under umbrella of Kuki National Organisation (KNO) and United People's Front (UPF).
2005–2008: "Suspension of Operations" (SoO) signed with Indian Army, followed by negotiations with the Government of India in 2008.
* Stage 4: 2010–2024 | KSDC & NFNS Formation
2 November 2010: Kuki State Demand Committee (KSDC) formed; founding Chairman Shri Lalthalien Hmar, succeeded by Shri Hejang Haokip and Shri Khaikhohauh Gangte.
15 September 2015: KSDC becomes constituent member of National Federation of New States (NFNS), initiated by Shri P.A. Sangma, Prof. M. Kodandaram (TJAC), and Smt Maitreyi Pushpa, with Shri Raja Bundela as President.
NFNS Advocated States/UTs:
Kukiland
Vidarbha
Gorkhaland
Bundelkhand
Bodoland
Dimaragi
Karbi State
Twipraland
* Stage 5: 2008–2023 | Continuous Dialogue
Negotiations continued with Kuki militant SoO groups for 15 years.
31 August – 2 September 2023: Agreement reached for a Union Territory with legislature on Puducherry pattern.
* Stage 6: 2023–2024 | Kuki-Meitei Conflict
3 May 2023: Manipur State-sponsored violence by radical groups ARAMBAI TENGOL and MEITEI LEEPUN targeting Kuki-Zo communities.
Mass protests, sit-ins, and mobilization organized by CSOs, NGOs, village volunteers, Kuki Inpi, Zomi Council, Hmar Inpui, ITLF, WKZIC, COTU, ITAC, ZU.
Demand focused on Separate Administration (SA) under Article 394A of the Constitution.
* Stage 7: 2024 – Mass Movement
24 June 2024: Mass rallies across Songpi-Lamka (Ccpur), Kanggui (Kangpokpi), Pherzawl, Chandel, Tengnoupal.
Jointly organized by ITLF, COTU, ITAC, and Kuki Inpi.
Objective: State or Union Territory with legislature under Articles 3 or 295A of the Constitution.
Visual Timeline Summary
Key Events & Organizations
Stage > Period > Milestones
1. 1947–1987 > KNA founded; memoranda to PMs > Memoranda,
2. 1965–1987 > Kawnpui Agreement; Mizoram > Statehood Agreement,
3. 1988–2008 > KNF & KNA under KNO & UPF; SoO signed > Armed struggle & negotiations
4. 2010–2024 > KSDC & NFNS formed > Multi-state federation
5. 2008–2023 > Negotiations with GoI > Legislative UT agreed
6. 2023–2024 > Kuki-Meitei Conflict; protests > Ethnic conflict & SA demand
7. 2024 > Mass Movement > Public rallies & mobilization
Issued by:
World Kuki-Zo Intellectual Council (WKZIC-GHQ)
Songpi-Lamka, Kuki Hills, India
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