Manipur Photography Club gathers at Deer Park
When “tribe” definition ceases to be anthropological and becomes constitutional
The storm in the tea-cup over the demand from certain sections of the Meitei community for inclusion in the 5th Schedule of the Indian constitution which lists an ever increasing number of recognized tribes in India, is unfortunate for many radically different reasons. Obviously, the tribal status in India is no longer defined by anthropological or sociological parameters, but by the cravings of the incentives accorded to this status.
In this way, the conditions for an ever proliferating number of demands from different communities to be given the tribal status, and equally importantly, the reason for perpetuating this retrogressive social status by those who are already classified in this category, are inherent in the constitution itself. Let there be no dispute about this, what the section of the Meiteis are demanding is not the tribal status but the incentives that come along with it, just as the opposition to the demand by tribal students bodies in the state, is not to another community joining the tribal ranks, but the fear that there will be more competitors of these same incentives and governmental doles.
Both, are pathetic in equal measures, and in fact are the two sides of the same coin. The Meiteis should not be wanting to be tribals, I will give some of my reasons why, and on the other hand, the tribals should have been happy at the prospect of an expanded fraternity. That both parties see it other than this way, is nothing short of a tragedy of a grand story being reduced to a trivial and mundane one. On the wide canvas, the harmatia (or fatal flaw in personality) as the Greeks call it, is that of the incentive structuring of the Indian constitution, and not so much of the much visible dramatis personae of the current issue in Manipur.
I will not go further on whether the tribal status is good or bad for communities which are already listed in the 5th Schedule of the constitution, considering the sensitivity of the issue, but here are some of my reasons why the demand from a section of the Meiteis for tribal status is a bad idea, and I am not saying this out of sentimental reasons, but sound economics. It is a bad idea because the gains can only be short term, and the unseen prices paid for it will be far heavier. I have not done any empirical survey on the matter, so what I say here will be from general observations alone.
Whatever else may be said, the Meitei economy today is one of the most diversified, if not the most diversified in the entire northeast region, including Assam, precisely because its growth has been intrinsic in nature, and not so much a result of pre-fabricated, one-size-fit-all economic models dropped from above. It may not be a monetarily rich economy yet, but have no doubt it would prove the most resilient ultimately. In it is practically every component of a naturally cultured, therefore multifaceted, life’s battle hardened economy. Look at the range of professions the community has nurtured. From cycle repair shops to excellent motorcar workshops, from watch mechanics and TV repair professionals to medical professionals of the highest standards, from traditional doll makers, truck drivers, weavers, to media professionals and academics of repute. Blacksmiths, goldsmiths, gunsmiths, sportsmen, professional dancers, farmers, carpenters, masons, computer hackers… you name it and the Meitei society would have them. Many of these professions were groomed by survival needs, and most began as, and still are extremely lowly paid jobs. Yet they have managed to survive as economic traditions.
This range and reach could not have happened in a completely sponsored economy, which are essentially top heavy and bottom empty. The top is essential no doubt, but ultimately it will be the bottom which will make the difference, once the sponsors retreat.
In fact, most of my criticisms of the Manipur government’s employment, therefore economic policies have been from this standpoint. No government has done much to build the place’s modern economy from this rich traditional foundation, by striving to enrich the environment in which this diversification can thrive and expand, such as by ensuring electricity availability, improving road and internet connectivity, extending better credit facilities to prospective entrepreneurs etc. Instead, today gainful employment has come to mean only garnering government jobs, and we all know government jobs have a very low ceiling, and in fact this ceiling has already been reached. Nonetheless, creating jobs in the government’s parlance continues woefully to be confined to raising more police constabularies etc.
Let those amongst the Meiteis who want the 5th Schedule tribal status do some serious rethinking. Even the OBC status they are now classified into should be treated as a temporary measure. Imagine how hollow and vulnerable an economy which has only government job holders and nothing else would be. There is much wisdom in the saying “Phadi leitana imung keidouneida oiroi” (a household without phadi/towel, can never be complete).
But as I mentioned earlier, if the demand for tribal status by the Meiteis (or at least a section of the community) is bad, the opposition to it from those already classified as tribals is as shameful for it demonstrates how uncivil our “civil society” still is. Indeed, the debate over who or what should constitute the rather ethereal notion of “civil society” gets all the more intriguing in a conflict situation, such as in Manipur. The question is, should “civil society” have a technical definition and be treated as constituting of the occupants of a space earmarked between the State and private vested interests, or other power players, such as the militant challengers to the State’s authority and legitimacy?
While this definition of “civil society” is definitely not sufficient, it has been indeed a convenient one. The trouble however is, when there is a technical definition of “civil society”, it invariably turns into a hotly contested space, and in fact often readily transforms into an extension of the conflicts they are supposed to be arbitrating thus becoming in the process an instrument of the same war, though by other means.
Manipur is familiar with this phenomenon. The “civil society” space has been deeply fissured on sectarian ethnic lines, demonstrations of which are never in short supply. Such wars by other means are fought on practically every issue involving any two or more communities of the state’s multitude of communities. The division is also seen along other broader lines such as between the hill districts and valley districts, between the tribals and non-tribals etc.
It is not uncommon to even hear of self proclaimed human rights organisations, thrown up by mutually antagonistic ethnic communities, speaking two different languages on the same issue. It is as if there is nothing universal about even human rights. How then can the “civil society” be the agent for the much hyped problem solving discourses, is a question much ignored.
The technical ear-marking of a so called “civil society” space leads to another familiar problematic situation. The conflicting parties themselves begin actually to contest for this space by putting up their “civil society” proxies, having realized how powerful these bodies can be in force multiplying their agenda through precisely the “wars by other means”.
The result is a complication of the conflicts themselves. So much has already been written about how even students’ movements have become organs of those behind these conflicts. Some even float their own “civil society” bodies. Must this not be considered a corruption of the popular understanding of “civil society”? A rethink is vital to consider if the definition of civil society must not have some qualitative elements over and above just the quantitative.
A weak State has not helped matter one bit either. Here, legitimate powers that should vest only with it often get wrested away by numerous “civil society” bodies, adding to the general residue of insecurity amongst a larger section of the society. The Weberian notion of legitimate violence is no longer a monopoly of the state, precisely because of its ineptitude and lack of commitment. This legitimacy vests in the hands of so many so called “civil society” bodies, precisely because of the state defaulting. Take the latest case of the hauling up of ice-cream manufacturers for unhygienic factory environment by a students’ body. The vigilant act which would have gained them public legitimacy should have rested solely with the government had it also been as committed to public interest.
Although in a different context, and lacking half the gravity of the powerfully communicated despair in Macbeth’s last word for his queen at the news of her death, in considering Manipur politics, one is reminded of how the great Shakespearean character summarised his wife’s life, “….a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing.”
There are many issues of extreme urgency awaiting government attention. Law and order without dispute would rank as number one among all of these. I am not simply referring to the obvious case of insurgency but also again to the manner in which a major portion of what should have remained as sole governmental responsibility, as well as the seal of authority that should have been exclusively the government’s, are being allowed to be wrested away systematically by non-governmental players in the state’s sordid power game.
Or are we witnessing a cruel parody of what Karl Marx called the “withering away of the state”, to give way to a “dictatorship of the proletariat”. The presumption seemed to have been, when the masses are the dictators over their own affairs, rooms for injustice and oppression would be automatically eliminated. The lessons of the atrocities of the French Revolution, which too had justice and equality as its slogans, were surprisingly missed, and VI Lenin’s interpretation of Marxism took cognizance of this problematic area when he stressed on the centrality of the Party of elite thinkers and leaders in any Communist revolution.
In a way he anticipated a basic foundation of modern electoral democracy too, for indeed, democracy is also about a people electing its elite leadership to be in charge of their affairs till so long as they enjoy their confidence as expressed in their periodically renewed electoral mandates. In this way the quality of a democracy is also determined by the capability of an electorate to choose the best amongst its elite. You get the elite you deserve.
In Manipur, the state is withering away, not by any grand Marxian design, but precisely for the abject lack of a will or imagination to come up with a design. For our elected elite, the needs for accountability or good governance are secondary to their personal agenda centred around the competition for the spoils and clout of office.
A rule of the masses has thereby been unleashed, leading to a mad contest for the powers of governance amongst various “civil society” organisations. Today many of these mushrooming power centres have naturally filled in where the government is absent and have even assumed the judicial powers of summons, inquisitions and trials, executive powers of levying taxes, excise duties and even to mete out summary punishments.
They legislate too through diktats and decrees. And yet the government continues to pretend there is nothing seriously wrong and that the law and order situation has improved. Time for all, most pertinently the government, to wake up.
Source:kanglaonline.com
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From Manipur to Mumbai: Model Job
A journey from Manipur to Mumbai in search of modelling job
A YOUNG and beautiful girl, who came across many struggles, landed in a mega city from a distant corner of India’s northeast. Fashion companies, advertisement gurus, directors or producers have many a times robed her in various photoshoots for garments. The young model is all daylong busy in posing and cheerfully smiling before the lenses for clients like Spykar Jeans and Killer Jeans. Besides, she also goes for catalogues, glamour, lingerie, nighty, and semi-bikini shoots.
The young model hails from a small locality known as Lamka in Churachandpur district of Manipur. She is, TC Grace, the second eldest among the five siblings of three sisters and two brothers. Born and brought up by her dad, a former BSF soldier and her mom, a sincere clerk, she passed Class X from Royal Academy, Lamka in 2003 and XII from TG Hr Sec School, Imphal in 2005. Soon after XII exam she underwent three months training on hair and beauty in Imphal. After learning the beauty tips, she opened Grace Saloon in her hometown in July 2005. But in Feb 2006 she closed the saloon and moved to Mumbai in March 2006 in search of better job opportunity. Since then she stays here in Mumbai, looking fine and elegant. Come Dec 9, she’ll blow off 26 candles. Our correspondent, Bruce K. Thangkhal, caught up with TC Grace.
Here is a tete-a-tete with this lovely hardworking model.
Tell us something about yourself?
TCG: I was born and brought up in Lamka and completed my higher secondary at Imphal. In order to explore my interest, I was trained as a hair-dresser and stylist. I then opened my own saloon. To pursue a better career, I moved to Mumbai as a hair dresser with a curiosity to unlearn and relearn what I have gained over the years as a hair-dresser and stylist. Subsequently after gaining confidence and foreseeing the prospect to move on beyond hair dressing, I began to create my space in modeling industry.
When and why do you choose modeling?
TCG: I was encouraged by one of my senior colleagues. So I chose modeling in 2011. Over the years, I’ve realized modeling is not just a product but an arousal of self-creativity to achieve the goal.
What was your first job in Mumbai?
TCG: My first job in Mumbai was as a hair dresser at L’Oreal Color Café (Hair & Beauty), Bandra West.
How do you manage yourself in this expensive city?
TCG: Expensive city J[Smilingly]!! I must say, a concept of being in an expensive city and managing self is relative. However it is subjected to one’s personality in how leisurely you’d spend the fruit of your hardwork, that’s how much you can earn as an individual. In a nutshell, I’d say, it’s the innate habit of saving a little.
TCG: As we all know, there are several types of modeling and so are varied criteria which are subjected to the director, producer or advertisement agencies. Currently, I’m for commercial modeling, where one must be between 5’4’’–5’11’’ in height with an average body measurement of 32–24–34. The secret of modeling is not being perfect, however one needs a face that people can identify in a second and bring each time something new. One must focus on creativity and representation which is the vital component for this job.
Describe your experience while facing the camera?
TCG: To be brief, I’d say keep shooting, it helps you to gain confidence where flashing strobes are like applause.
Share us some observations you made in your profession?
TCG: Major learning for me as a model is that you go to do a different job every day. You’re working with a completely new team and ought to learn how to talk to people and how to creatively achieve the same goals. In other words, it’s just about horning your skills. This evolves from what is expected from you; a shoot (assignment) for your portfolio, what and how you wear, building networks of trusted agencies and friends that will recommend you for shoots, mentor you, and the skills to communicate and strike a deal.
What should be kept in mind while pursuing modeling?
TCG: In the context of modeling, the ability to acknowledge one’s potential, capacity and skill-set, and utilise the same to tap the right clients who could be a director, Ad agencies or others is very much important. For a commercial model in Mumbai (referring to tapping the potential clients), there are several agencies that require a different look (as mongoloids) of yours other than the Indian looks (Dravidians/Aryans) for their specific clientele. This has been the Unique Selling Point (USP) to which one should build over and over.
Have you ever face any difficulties in your profession?
TCG: I often see difficulties as a challenge. And yes, I faced many challenges in my initial days of modeling. Gaining and developing a confidence has been a challenge as the flashing strobes hasn’t turned out to be like applause, but the applause for my discouragement. And yet, overcoming the same has been a challenge all over, and the moment of acknowledgement of these challenges makes me realized that I have turned my own challenges into positive gains (say for confidence and a broader approach towards the profession).
Some parents have negative mindset towards modeling profession. How do you feel?
TCG: Rather, most of our parents have negative mindset in this profession. I also understand that this has evolved from our innate societal values and norms. Normally I don’t react to them nor feel bad as I know I’m doing my best. Living in a world of choices (one or the other), I simply understand parent’s emotions but pursue what is closest to my heart.
Is modeling suitable for Northeast girls?
TCG: Over three years into this profession, I’d say that any profession is suitable for Northeast girls.
Do you feel the necessity of having fashion or modeling institutes in the northeast regions?
TCG: As the NE states continue to sail with the development of the larger world, I do feel the need to introduce fashion or modeling institutes in the NE states so that many young talented boys and girls could get better trainings and absorbed in various industries.
What is your hobby?
TCG: My hobby is dancing.
Who is your favorite person?
TCG: None, other than my beloved parents.
What is your plan for the future?
TCG: In pursuance of my interest, I’m looking forward for opening a Hair & Beauty Saloon or a Modeling Institute or a Studio for modeling. I wish my dreams come true.
What is your advice for our readers?
TCG: For some of us, modeling could be of glamour, sexy and lucrative. But if we happen to be drifted by these phenomena, we ought to change the path of our profession. More so, in this extremely competitive industry, one can be left out with scores of rejection unless we take precautions at the right moment.
~ Bruce K. Thangkhal
for The Mizoram Post, Manipur Chronicle, North East Sun, Zogam Today, Khalvontawi Media
Lack of Science Teacher Leaves Govt. Mimbung HS Students Struggling
Champhai, July 23, 2013: Just 76 km from Aizawl, students of Govt. Mimbung High School in Champhai district continue to suffer due to the government's negligence, according to SSPP Aizawl (Paite Students' Organisation). The school has been without a science teacher since last August, preventing students from taking their science exam in the first semester.
After the previous science teacher retired, Ms. R. Lalthantluangi, BSc, was appointed under RMSA. However, she served only briefly before being transferred. Since then, the position has remained vacant for nearly a year, leaving many students and parents distressed.
Concerned parents have urged the authorities to take immediate action.
Special Correspondent
The Mizoram Post, Manipur Chronicle, Zogam Today
AITSA Delhi Condemns Army Atrocities in Manipur
New Delhi, July 22, 2013: The All India Tribal Students’ Association (AITSA) Delhi has expressed deep concern over the increasing incidents of atrocities committed by Army personnel stationed in Manipur.
“We have been hearing about several instances of racial slurs and atrocities by the Army, including personnel from the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) posted at Imphal Airport. Such conduct feels more like subjugation than protection,” said AITSAD president and social activist Mr. K. Zou.
He emphasised that security personnel should act as protectors, not as invaders or enemies of the poor and innocent people living in remote areas of the country.
The way they treat elderly individuals, simple local people, women, and children while carrying out their duties does not align with the sentiments of the local population. “It appears that sepoys and lower-ranking Army officers are instructed to behave in the most aggressive manner by their commanders, who neither understand nor care about the feelings of the local people,” he added.
A recent newspaper report highlighted the intrusion of Army personnel into a police station in Jiribam, where they allegedly slapped the duty officer on 16 July 2013. Another report in Hueiyen Lanpao described the brutal treatment of Mr. Nailin Malangmei (54) of Satudai village, Khoupum Valley, by the 8th Gorkha Regiment on 14 July 2013, leaving injury marks on his buttocks and causing hearing loss.
K. Zou stated that such atrocities are likely to persist in the absence of local Army commanders in the state. He also noted that the Army consistently fails to show respect to the state’s civil authorities.
Special Correspondent
THE MIZORAM POST, MANIPUR CHRONICLE, ZOGAM TODAY
Delhi Drowns: Monsoon Rains Expose Government’s Failure
While the rain brought some relief from the scorching heat, it unleashed absolute chaos -- waterlogged streets, paralysed traffic, and overburdened drainage systems that collapsed under pressure. Despite repeated promises and massive budget allocations, the Delhi government has failed miserably to address the city's crumbling drainage and flood management systems.
Year after year, the same story unfolds: residents wade through knee-deep water, vehicles break down in flooded roads, and essential services grind to a halt. Yet, authorities remain indifferent, offering nothing but hollow assurances and ineffective measures.
The government’s negligence has left Delhiites to suffer the consequences of its incompetence. If the capital of the nation cannot be safeguarded from seasonal rains, what does it say about the state of governance? The people of Delhi deserve better than this annual monsoon disaster.
Special Correspondent
The Mizoram Post, Manipur Chronicle, Zogam Today
AITSA opposes ST demand : Meitei to be in ST category
Racial Slur at Hauz Khas Metro: A Personal Experience
This morning, July 19, 2013, at around 11 AM, when I entered the check-gate at Hauz Khas Metro Station, I almost slipped by mistake. Instead of concern, the CIFSF security guard on duty looked at me and called me “Ching Chong.” I was shocked and hurt by the racial slur.
I calmly asked him, “Why are you calling me that? You can call me an Indian. Am I not an Indian?” He didn’t respond, just smiled, showing no regret.
His name badge read Syed Kharan (I couldn’t read the full surname—it was long, but the last part was clearly “Kharan”).
I’m deeply disturbed by how casually he insulted me in public. I urge the concerned authorities to take action. This kind of racist behavior must not be ignored. People like Mr. Syed need to be trained on how to treat fellow Indians from the Northeast with dignity and respect.
The matter has been formally reported via email to the Director/Managing Director of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (DMRC), New Delhi for necessary action.
Zomi Doctorate Degree Ngah Kibehlap
AITSA Demands SC Village Recognition in Manipur
New Delhi, July 18, 2013 — The All India Tribal Students’ Association, Delhi (AITSA), has strongly urged the Chief Minister of Manipur to issue a formal apology to the Mongoloid Scheduled Caste (SC) community for the state’s prolonged failure to officially recognize their villages in its land revenue records, despite their inclusion in the SC list over 60 years ago.
In a press statement, AITSA President K. Zou expressed deep anguish over the Chief Minister Okram Ibobi Singh’s reply in the Manipur Legislative Assembly, wherein he stated that no Scheduled Caste villages are recognized in the state’s land revenue documents. This response, reported in local newspapers on June 22, 2013, was given in response to a query raised by MLA Thounaojam Shyamkumar (Andro).
Zou found this denial shocking, especially when the Government of Manipur itself had submitted a report in 1965 to the Ministry of Home Affairs acknowledging the existence of eight SC villages. Furthermore, MLA Khwairakpam Devendro pointed out that SC villages were documented in the Manipur Gazette in 1994. Given this, it is unacceptable to treat these villages as unauthorized. AITSA echoes the call of MLA Dr. Ibohalbi for the immediate inclusion of these SC villages in the official land revenue records.
AITSA also called on the Scheduled Tribe Demand Committee Manipur (STDCM) to publicly express regret for the discrimination faced by the Meitei-speaking SC communities and demonstrate genuine concern for inclusive peace in the state.
K. Zou also highlighted that indigenous groups in villages like Sekmai, Phayeng, Khurkhul, Koutruk, Laimaram Kwatha, Laimaram Khunou, Andro, and Chairel were arbitrarily classified as SCs under labels such as Muchi, Ravidas, Namasudra, Patni, Sutradhar, and Yaithibi. These communities have long suffered systemic neglect—not only from successive governments but also from civil society—finding themselves alienated from both Meiteis and Tribals, effectively living in a mental and social "no man's zone."
Bruce K. Thangkhal
THE MIZORAM POST | MANIPUR CHRONICLE
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